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United States Code (Last Updated: May 24, 2014) |
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Title 7. AGRICULTURE |
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Chapter 35. AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 |
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SubChapter II. LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES |
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Part A. Definitions, Loans, Parity Payments, and Consumer Safeguards |
§ 1308. Payment limitations
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(a) Definitions In this section through section 1308–5 of this title: (1) Covered commodity The term “covered commodity” has the meaning given that term in section 1001 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 [7 U.S.C. 8702].
(2) Family member The term “family member” means a person to whom a member in the farming operation is related as lineal ancestor, lineal descendant, sibling, spouse, or otherwise by marriage.
(3) Legal entity The term “legal entity” means an entity that is created under Federal or State law and that— (A) owns land or an agricultural commodity; or (B) produces an agricultural commodity. (4) Person The term “person” means a natural person, and does not include a legal entity.
(5) Secretary The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Agriculture.
(b) Limitation on payments for covered commodities (other than peanuts) The total amount of payments received, directly or indirectly, by a person or legal entity (except a joint venture or general partnership) for any crop year under sections 1116 and 1117 [7 U.S.C. 9016, 9017] and as marketing loan gains or loan deficiency payments under subtitle B of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 [7 U.S.C. 9031 et seq.] (other than for peanuts) may not exceed $125,000.
(c) Limitation on payments for peanuts The total amount of payments received, directly or indirectly, by a person or legal entity (except a joint venture or general partnership) for any crop year under sections 1116 and 1117 [7 U.S.C. 9016, 9017] and as marketing loan gains or loan deficiency payments under subtitle B of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 [7 U.S.C. 9031 et seq.] for peanuts may not exceed $125,000.
(d) Limitation on applicability Nothing in this section authorizes any limitation on any benefit associated with the forfeiture of a commodity pledged as collateral for a loan made available under subtitle B of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 [7 U.S.C. 9031 et seq.] or title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 [7 U.S.C. 9001 et seq.].
(e) Attribution of payments (1) In general In implementing subsections (b) and (c) and a program described in paragraphs (1)(C) and (2)(B) of section 1308–3a(b) of this title, the Secretary shall issue such regulations as are necessary to ensure that the total amount of payments are attributed to a person by taking into account the direct and indirect ownership interests of the person in a legal entity that is eligible to receive the payments.
(2) Payments to a person Each payment made directly to a person shall be combined with the pro rata interest of the person in payments received by a legal entity in which the person has a direct or indirect ownership interest unless the payments of the legal entity have been reduced by the pro rata share of the person.
(3) Payments to a legal entity (A) In general Each payment made to a legal entity shall be attributed to those persons who have a direct or indirect ownership interest in the legal entity unless the payment to the legal entity has been reduced by the pro rata share of the person.
(B) Attribution of payments (i) Payment limits Except as provided in clause (ii), payments made to a legal entity shall not exceed the amounts specified in subsections (b) and (c).
(ii) Exception for joint ventures and general partnerships Payments made to a joint venture or a general partnership shall not exceed, for each payment specified in subsections (b) and (c), the amount determined by multiplying the maximum payment amount specified in subsections (b) and (c) by the number of persons and legal entities (other than joint ventures and general partnerships) that comprise the ownership of the joint venture or general partnership.
(iii) Reduction Payments made to a legal entity shall be reduced proportionately by an amount that represents the direct or indirect ownership in the legal entity by any person or legal entity that has otherwise exceeded the applicable maximum payment limitation.
(4) 4 levels of attribution for embedded legal entities (A) In general Attribution of payments made to legal entities shall be traced through 4 levels of ownership in legal entities.
(B) First level Any payments made to a legal entity (a first-tier legal entity) that is owned in whole or in part by a person shall be attributed to the person in an amount that represents the direct ownership in the first-tier legal entity by the person.
(C) Second level (i) In general Any payments made to a first-tier legal entity that is owned (in whole or in part) by another legal entity (a second-tier legal entity) shall be attributed to the second-tier legal entity in proportion to the ownership of the second-tier legal entity in the first-tier legal entity.
(ii) Ownership by a person If the second-tier legal entity is owned (in whole or in part) by a person, the amount of the payment made to the first-tier legal entity shall be attributed to the person in the amount that represents the indirect ownership in the first-tier legal entity by the person.
(D) Third and fourth levels (i) In general Except as provided in clause (ii), the Secretary shall attribute payments at the third and fourth tiers of ownership in the same manner as specified in subparagraph (C).
(ii) Fourth-tier ownership If the fourth-tier of ownership is that of a fourth-tier legal entity and not that of a person, the Secretary shall reduce the amount of the payment to be made to the first-tier legal entity in the amount that represents the indirect ownership in the first-tier legal entity by the fourth-tier legal entity.
(f) Special rules (1) Minor children (A) In general Except as provided in subparagraph (B), payments received by a child under the age of 18 shall be attributed to the parents of the child.
(B) Regulations The Secretary shall issue regulations specifying the conditions under which payments received by a child under the age of 18 will not be attributed to the parents of the child.
(2) Marketing cooperatives Subsections (b) and (c) shall not apply to a cooperative association of producers with respect to commodities produced by the members of the association that are marketed by the association on behalf of the members of the association but shall apply to the producers as persons.
(3) Trusts and estates (A) In general With respect to irrevocable trusts and estates, the Secretary shall administer this section through section 1308–5 of this title in such manner as the Secretary determines will ensure the fair and equitable treatment of the beneficiaries of the trusts and estates.
(B) Irrevocable trust (i) In general In order for a trust to be considered an irrevocable trust, the terms of the trust agreement shall not— (I) allow for modification or termination of the trust by the grantor; (II) allow for the grantor to have any future, contingent, or remainder interest in the corpus of the trust; or (III) except as provided in clause (ii), provide for the transfer of the corpus of the trust to the remainder beneficiary in less than 20 years beginning on the date the trust is established. (ii) Exception Clause (i)(III) shall not apply in a case in which the transfer is— (I) contingent on the remainder beneficiary achieving at least the age of majority; or (II) contingent on the death of the grantor or income beneficiary. (C) Revocable trust For the purposes of this section through section 1308–5 of this title, a revocable trust shall be considered to be the same person as the grantor of the trust.
(4) Cash rent tenants (A) Definition In this paragraph, the term “cash rent tenant” means a person or legal entity that rents land— (i) for cash; or (ii) for a crop share guaranteed as to the amount of the commodity to be paid in rent. (B) Restriction A cash rent tenant who makes a significant contribution of active personal management, but not of personal labor, with respect to a farming operation shall be eligible to receive a payment described in subsection (b) or (c) only if the tenant makes a significant contribution of equipment to the farming operation.
(5) Federal agencies (A) In general Notwithstanding subsection (d), a Federal agency shall not be eligible to receive any payment, benefit, or loan under title I of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 [7 U.S.C. 8701 et seq.], title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 [7 U.S.C. 9001 et seq.], or title XII of this Act [16 U.S.C. 3801 et seq.].
(B) Land rental A lessee of land owned by a Federal agency may receive a payment described in subsection (b), (c), or (d) if the lessee otherwise meets all applicable criteria.
(6) State and local governments (A) In general Notwithstanding subsection (d), except as provided in subsection (g), a State or local government, or political subdivision or agency of the government, shall not be eligible to receive any payment, benefit, or loan under title I of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 [7 U.S.C. 8701 et seq.], title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 [7 U.S.C. 9001 et seq.], or title XII of this Act [16 U.S.C. 3801 et seq.].
(B) Tenants A lessee of land owned by a State or local government, or political subdivision or agency of the government, may receive payments described in subsections (b), (c), and (d) if the lessee otherwise meets all applicable criteria.
(7) Changes in farming operations (A) In general In the administration of this section through section 1308–5 of this title, the Secretary may not approve any change in a farming operation that otherwise will increase the number of persons to which the limitations under this section are applied unless the Secretary determines that the change is bona fide and substantive.
(B) Family members The addition of a family member to a farming operation under the criteria set out in section 1308–1 of this title shall be considered a bona fide and substantive change in the farming operation.
(8) Death of owner (A) In general If any ownership interest in land or a commodity is transferred as the result of the death of a program participant, the new owner of the land or commodity may, if the person is otherwise eligible to participate in the applicable program, succeed to the contract of the prior owner and receive payments subject to this section without regard to the amount of payments received by the new owner.
(B) Limitations on prior owner Payments made under this paragraph shall not exceed the amount to which the previous owner was entitled to receive under the terms of the contract at the time of the death of the prior owner.
(g) Public schools (1) In general Notwithstanding subsection (f)(6)(A), a State or local government, or political subdivision or agency of the government, shall be eligible, subject to the limitation in paragraph (2), to receive a payment described in subsection (b) or (c) for land owned by the State or local government, or political subdivision or agency of the government, that is used to maintain a public school.
(2) Limitation (A) In general For each State, the total amount of payments described in subsections (b) and (c) that are received collectively by the State and local government and all political subdivisions or agencies of those governments shall not exceed $500,000.
(B) Exception The limitation in subparagraph (A) shall not apply to States with a population of less than 1,500,000.
(h) Time limits; reliance Regulations of the Secretary shall establish time limits for the various steps involved with notice, hearing, decision, and the appeals procedure in order to ensure expeditious handling and settlement of payment limitation disputes. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, actions taken by an individual or other entity in good faith on action or advice of an authorized representative of the Secretary may be accepted as meeting the requirement under this section or section 1308–1 of this title, to the extent the Secretary deems it desirable in order to provide fair and equitable treatment.
References In Text
The Agricultural Act of 2014, referred to in subsecs. (b) to (d) and (f)(5)(A), (6)(A), is Pub. L. 113–79,
Pars. (1) and (2) of section 1308–3a(b) of this title, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), were repealed, and new pars. (1) and (2) were enacted, by Pub. L. 113–79, title I, § 1605(a)(2),
The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, referred to in subsec. (f)(5)(A), (6)(A), is Pub. L. 110–246,
Title XII of this Act, referred to in subsec. (f)(5)(A), (6)(A), means title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985, Pub. L. 99–198,
Codification
Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.
Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.
Section was enacted as part of the Food Security Act of 1985, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.
Prior Provisions
A prior section 1308, Pub. L. 97–98, title XI, § 1101,
Another prior section 1308, Pub. L. 95–113, title I, § 101,
Amendments
2014—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 113–79, § 1603(a), added subsecs. (b) and (c) and struck out former subsecs. (b) and (c). Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) related to limitations on direct payments, counter-cyclical payments, and ACRE payments for covered commodities other than peanuts, and subsec. (c) related to limitations on direct payments, counter-cyclical payments, and ACRE payments for peanuts.
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 113–79, § 1605(f), inserted before period at end “or title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014”.
Pub. L. 113–79, § 1603(b)(1), substituted “the forfeiture of a commodity pledged as collateral for a loan made available under subtitle B of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014” for “the marketing assistance loan program or the loan deficiency payment program under title I of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008”.
Subsec. (f)(5)(A). Pub. L. 113–79, § 1603(b)(2)(A), substituted “, title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014, or title XII” for “or title XII”.
Subsec. (f)(6)(A). Pub. L. 113–79, § 1603(b)(2)(B), substituted “, title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014, or title XII” for “or title XII”.
2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–246, § 1603(b)(1)(A), inserted “through section 1308–5 of this title” after “this section” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 110–246, § 1603(a), substituted “Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008” for “Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002”.
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 110–246, § 1603(b)(1)(B), (C), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The term ‘loan commodity’ has the meaning given that term in section 1001 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, except that the term does not include wool, mohair, or honey.”
Subsec. (a)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 110–246, § 1603(b)(1)(B), (C), added pars. (3) and (4) and redesignated former par. (3) as (5).
Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 110–246, § 1603(b)(2), added subsecs. (b) to (d) and struck out former subsecs. (b) to (d) which related to limitation on direct payments, limitation on counter-cyclical payments, and limitation on marketing loan gains and loan deficiency payments, respectively.
Subsecs. (e) to (h). Pub. L. 110–246, § 1603(b)(3), added subsecs. (e) to (g), redesignated former subsec. (g) as (h), and struck out former subsecs. (e) and (f) which related to issuance of regulations defining “person” and prescribing rules determined necessary to assure a fair and reasonable application of section limitation, and inapplicability to public schools of provisions limiting payments to any person.
2002—Pub. L. 107–171, § 1603(a), substituted section catchline for former section catchline.
Subsec. (a) to (d). Pub. L. 107–171, § 1603(a), added subsecs. (a) to (d) and struck out former pars. (1) to (4) which related to limitation on payments under production flexibility contracts, limitation on marketing loan gains and loan deficiency payments, description of payments subject to limitation, and definitions, respectively.
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 107–171, § 1603(b)(1), redesignated par. (5) as subsec. (e), inserted heading, further redesignated former subpars., cls., and subcls. as pars., subpars., and cls., respectively, substituted “paragraph (1), subject to subparagraph (B)” for “subparagraph (A), subject to clause (ii)” in subsec. (e)(2)(A) and “as described in subsections (b), (c), and (d) of this section” for “as described in paragraphs (1) and (2)” in subsec. (e)(2)(C)(ii), and struck out second sentence of subsec. (e)(1) which read as follows: “Such regulations shall incorporate the provisions in subparagraphs (B) through (E) of this paragraph, paragraphs (6) and (7), and sections 1308–1 through 1308–3 of this title.”
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 107–171, § 1603(b)(2), redesignated par. (6) as subsec. (f) and inserted heading.
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 107–171, § 1603(b)(3), redesignated par. (7) as subsec. (g) and inserted heading.
1996—Pars. (1) to (4). Pub. L. 104–127 added pars. (1) to (4) and struck out former pars. (1) to (4) which established limitations on payments under wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, extra long staple cotton, honey, and rice programs for 1987 through 1997 crops.
1993—Pars. (1)(A), (B), (2)(A). Pub. L. 103–66 substituted “1997” for “1995”.
1991—Par. (2)(B)(iv). Pub. L. 102–237 inserted “section” before “107B(c)(1)”.
1990—Par. (1). Pub. L. 101–624, § 1111(a)(1), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), substituted “1995” for “1990”, and added subpar. (B).
Par. (2)(A). Pub. L. 101–624, § 1111(a)(2), substituted “1991 through 1995 crops” for “1987 through 1990 crops” and substituted “and” for “honey, and (with respect to clause (iii)(II) of subparagraph (B))” after “rice,”.
Par. (2)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 101–624, § 1111(a)(3)(A), added cl. (iii) and struck out former cl. (iii) which read as follows: “(iii)(I) any gain realized by a producer from repaying a loan for a crop of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, rice, or honey at the rate permitted under section 107D(a)(5), 105C(a)(4), 103A(a)(5), 101A(a)(5), or 201(b)(2), respectively, of the Agricultural Act of 1949 or (II) any gain realized by a producer from repaying a loan for a crop of any other commodity at a lower level than the original loan level established under the Agricultural Act of 1949;”
Par. (2)(B)(iv). Pub. L. 101–624, § 1111(a)(3)(B), substituted “107B(c)(1) or 105B(c)(1)” for “section 107D(c)(1) or 105C(c)(1)”, and “section 107B(a)(3) or 105B(a)(3)” for “section 107D(a)(4) or 105C(a)(3)”.
Par. (2)(B)(v). Pub. L. 101–624, § 1111(a)(3)(C), added cl. (v) and struck out former cl. (v) which read as follows: “(v) any loan deficiency payment received for a crop of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, or rice under section 107D(b), 105C(b), 103A(b), or 101A(b), respectively, of the Agricultural Act of 1949; and”.
Par. (2)(B)(vi). Pub. L. 101–624, § 1111(a)(3)(D), substituted “section 107B(f), 105B(f), 103B(f), or 101B(f)” for “section 107D(g), 105C(g), 103A(g), or 101A(g)”.
Par. (5)(B)(ii)(III). Pub. L. 101–624, § 1111(e), added subcl. (III).
Par. (5)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 101–624, § 1111(c), amended cl. (iii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (iii) read as follows: “Such regulations shall provide that, with respect to any married couple, the husband and wife shall be considered to be one person, except that any married couple consisting of spouses who, prior to their marriage, were separately engaged in unrelated farming operations, each spouse shall be treated as a separate person with respect to the farming operation brought into the marriage by such spouse so long as such operation remains as a separate farming operation, for the purposes of the application of the limitations under this section.”
1989—Par. (5)(D). Pub. L. 101–217, § 2, amended subpar. (D) generally, striking out cl. (i) designation, substituting “Any” for “Except as provided in clause (ii), any” and “ineligible to receive any payment specified in paragraph (1) or (2) or subtitle D of title XII with respect to such land” for “considered the same person as the landlord”, and struck out cls. (ii) and (iii) which read as follows:
“(ii) A tenant that because of any act or failure to act would otherwise be considered the same person as the landlord under clause (i) shall not be considered the same person as the landlord if the Secretary has at any time made a determination, for purposes of this section, regarding the number of persons with respect to the tenant’s operation on such land for the 1989 crop year and the landlord did not consent to or knowingly participate in such act or failure to act.
“(iii) Any tenant that would be considered to be the same person as the landlord but for the operation of clause (ii) shall be eligible to receive any payment specified in paragraph (1) or (2) or subtitle D of title XII with respect to such land only to the extent that the tenant would be eligible for such payments if the tenant were to be considered the same person as the landlord under the regulations in place immediately prior to the enactment of this subparagraph.”
Pub. L. 101–217, § 1, in temporarily amending subpar. (D) generally, designated existing provisions as cl. (i) and added cls. (ii) and (iii). See Effective and Termination Dates of 1989 Amendment note below.
1987—Par. (1). Pub. L. 100–203, § 1301(a)(1), substituted “Subject to sections 1308–1 through 1308–3 of this title, for each” for “For each”.
Par. (2)(A). Pub. L. 100–203, § 1301(a)(2)(A), substituted “Subject to sections 1308–1 through 1308–3 of this title, for each” for “For each”.
Par. (2)(C). Pub. L. 100–203, § 1307, struck out cl. (ii) designation, and struck out cl. (i) which read as follows: “The total amount of loans on a crop of honey that a person may have outstanding at any one time under the annual program established for such crop under the Agricultural Act of 1949 may not exceed $250,000 less the amount of payments, as described in paragraph (1) and subparagraphs (A) and (B) of this paragraph, received by such person for the crop year involved.”
Pub. L. 100–203, § 1301(a)(2)(B), which directed substitution of “Subject to sections 1308–1 through 1308–3 of this title, the total” for “The total” could not be executed in view of amendments by Pub. L. 100–71 and section 1307 of Pub. L. 100–203.
Pub. L. 100–71 designated existing provision as cl. (i) and added cl. (ii).
Par. (5)(A). Pub. L. 100–203, § 1303(a)(1), (2), inserted after first sentence “Such regulations shall incorporate the provisions in subparagraphs (B) through (E) of this paragraph, paragraphs (6) and (7), and sections 1308–1 through 1308–3 of this title” and struck out at end “Such regulations shall provide that the term ‘person’ does not include any cooperative association of producers that markets commodities for producers with respect to the commodities so marketed for producers.”
Par. (5)(B). Pub. L. 100–203, § 1303(a)(2), (3), added subpar. (B) and redesignated former subpar. (B) as (C).
Par. (5)(C). Pub. L. 100–203, § 1303(a)(3), redesignated subpar. (B) as (C).
Par. (5)(D), (E). Pub. L. 100–203, § 1303(a)(4), added subpars. (D) and (E).
Par. (6). Pub. L. 100–203, § 1303(b), amended par. (6) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (6) read as follows: “The provisions of this section that limit payments to any person shall not be applicable to lands or animals owned by States, political subdivisions, or agencies thereof, so long as such lands are farmed or animals are husbanded primarily in the direct furtherance of a public function, as determined by the Secretary.”
Par. (7). Pub. L. 100–203, § 1305(c), added par. (7).
1986—Par. (1). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, § 108(a)(1), in temporarily amending par. (1) generally, substituted provision limiting, for each of the 1987 through 1990 crops, the total amount of deficiency payments, excluding deficiency payments described in par. (2)(B)(I)(iv) and land diversion payments that any one person be entitled to as not to exceed $50,000 for provision limiting, for each of the 1986 through 1990 crops, the total amount of payments, excluding disaster payments, that any one person be entitled to as not to exceed $50,000. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1986 Amendment note below.
Par. (2). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, § 108(a)(1), in temporarily amending par. (2) generally, designated existing provision as subpar. (A), and in subpar. (A) as so designated, substituted provision limiting, for each of the 1987 through 1990 crops, the total amount of payments set forth in subpar. (B) that any one person be entitled to as not to exceed $250,000 and inserting honey as an eligible crop for provision limiting, for each of the 1986 through 1990 crops, the total amount of disaster payments not any one person be entitled to as not to exceed $100,000, and added subpars. (B) and (C). See Effective and Termination Dates of 1986 Amendment note below.
Par. (3). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, § 108(a)(1), temporarily substituted provision authorizing the Secretary, if he determines that a limitation will have an adverse effect on a program, to adjust upward such limitation as appropriate or necessary for provision specifying what is not included within the term “payments” as used in this section. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1986 Amendment note below.
Par. (5)(A). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, § 108(a)(2), temporarily inserted provision that the term “person” not include any cooperative association of producers that markets commodities for producers with respect to the commodities so marketed for producers. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1986 Amendment note below.
Par. (6). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, § 108(a)(3), temporarily substituted “lands or animals owned” for “lands owned” and inserted “or animals are husbanded”. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1986 Amendment note below.
Effective Date Of Amendment
Pub. L. 113–79, title I, § 1603(c),
Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective
Amendment by Pub. L. 101–624 effective beginning with 1991 crop of an agricultural commodity, with provision for prior crops, see section 1171 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1421 of this title.
Pub. L. 101–217, § 1,
Pub. L. 101–217, § 2,
Pub. L. 100–203, title I, §§ 1301(a), 1303,
Pub. L. 99–500, § 108(a),
Pub. L. 99–500, § 108(b),
Miscellaneous
Pub. L. 110–234, title I, § 1603(h),
[For definition of “covered commodity” as used in section 1603(h) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out above, see section 8702 of this title.]
[Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical provisions. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.]
Pub. L. 107–171, title I, § 1603(d),
Pub. L. 101–217, § 3,
Pub. L. 100–203, title I, § 1304(a),
Pub. L. 100–203, title I, § 1305(a), (b),
Pub. L. 100–203, title I, § 1305(d),
Pub. L. 99–500, § 108(c),
Pub. L. 99–198 (last sentence), as added by Pub. L. 99–500, § 101(a) [title VI, § 636],