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United States Code (Last Updated: May 24, 2014) |
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Title 12. BANKS AND BANKING |
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Chapter 16. FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION |
§ 1818. Termination of status as insured depository institution
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(a) Termination of insurance (1) Voluntary termination Any insured depository institution which is not— (A) a national member bank; (B) a State member bank; (C) a Federal branch; (D) a Federal savings association; or (E) an insured branch which is required to be insured under subsection (a) or (b) Powers and duties with respect to depository institution holding companies For purposes of exercising the backup authority provided in this subsection— (A) the Corporation shall have the same powers with respect to a depository institution holding company and its affiliates as the appropriate Federal banking agency has with respect to the holding company and its affiliates; and (B) the holding company and its affiliates shall have the same duties and obligations with respect to the Corporation as the holding company and its affiliates have with respect to the appropriate Federal banking agency. (6) 6 Referral to Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection Subject to subtitle B of the Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010 [12 U.S.C. 5511 et seq.], each appropriate Federal banking agency shall make a referral to the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection when the Federal banking agency has a reasonable belief that a violation of an enumerated consumer law, as defined in the Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010, has been committed by any insured depository institution or institution-affiliated party within the jurisdiction of that appropriate Federal banking agency.
(u) Public disclosures of final orders and agreements (1) In general The appropriate Federal banking agency shall publish and make available to the public on a monthly basis— (A) any written agreement or other written statement for which a violation may be enforced by the appropriate Federal banking agency, unless the appropriate Federal banking agency, in its discretion, determines that publication would be contrary to the public interest; (B) any final order issued with respect to any administrative enforcement proceeding initiated by such agency under this section or any other law; and (C) any modification to or termination of any order or agreement made public pursuant to this paragraph. (2) Hearings All hearings on the record with respect to any notice of charges issued by a Federal banking agency shall be open to the public, unless the agency, in its discretion, determines that holding an open hearing would be contrary to the public interest.
(3) Transcript of hearing A transcript that includes all testimony and other documentary evidence shall be prepared for all hearings commenced pursuant to subsection (i) of this section. A transcript of public hearings shall be made available to the public pursuant to section 552 of title 5.
(4) Delay of publication under exceptional circumstances If the appropriate Federal banking agency makes a determination in writing that the publication of a final order pursuant to paragraph (1)(B) would seriously threaten the safety and soundness of an insured depository institution, the agency may delay the publication of the document for a reasonable time.
(5) Documents filed under seal in public enforcement hearings The appropriate Federal banking agency may file any document or part of a document under seal in any administrative enforcement hearing commenced by the agency if disclosure of the document would be contrary to the public interest. A written report shall be made part of any determination to withhold any part of a document from the transcript of the hearing required by paragraph (2).
(6) Retention of documents Each Federal banking agency shall keep and maintain a record, for a period of at least 6 years, of all documents described in paragraph (1) and all informal enforcement agreements and other supervisory actions and supporting documents issued with respect to or in connection with any administrative enforcement proceeding initiated by such agency under this section or any other laws.
(7) Disclosures to Congress No provision of this subsection may be construed to authorize the withholding, or to prohibit the disclosure, of any information to the Congress or any committee or subcommittee of the Congress.
(v) Foreign investigations (1) Requesting assistance from foreign banking authorities In conducting any investigation, examination, or enforcement action under this chapter, the appropriate Federal banking agency may— (A) request the assistance of any foreign banking authority; and (B) maintain an office outside the United States. (2) Providing assistance to foreign banking authorities (A) In general Any appropriate Federal banking agency may, at the request of any foreign banking authority, assist such authority if such authority states that the requesting authority is conducting an investigation to determine whether any person has violated, is violating, or is about to violate any law or regulation relating to banking matters or currency transactions administered or enforced by the requesting authority.
(B) Investigation by Federal banking agency Any appropriate Federal banking agency may, in such agency’s discretion, investigate and collect information and evidence pertinent to a request for assistance under subparagraph (A). Any such investigation shall comply with the laws of the United States and the policies and procedures of the appropriate Federal banking agency.
(C) Factors to consider In deciding whether to provide assistance under this paragraph, the appropriate Federal banking agency shall consider— (i) whether the requesting authority has agreed to provide reciprocal assistance with respect to banking matters within the jurisdiction of any appropriate Federal banking agency; and (ii) whether compliance with the request would prejudice the public interest of the United States. (D) Treatment of foreign banking authority For purposes of any Federal law or appropriate Federal banking agency regulation relating to the collection or transfer of information by any appropriate Federal banking agency, the foreign banking authority shall be treated as another appropriate Federal banking agency.
(3) Rule of construction Paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not be construed to limit the authority of an appropriate Federal banking agency or any other Federal agency to provide or receive assistance or information to or from any foreign authority with respect to any matter.
(w) Termination of insurance for money laundering or cash transaction reporting offenses (1) In general (A) Conviction of title 18 offenses (i) Duty to notify If an insured State depository institution has been convicted of any criminal offense under section 1956 or 1957 of title 18, the Attorney General shall provide to the Corporation a written notification of the conviction and shall include a certified copy of the order of conviction from the court rendering the decision.
(ii) Notice of termination; pretermination hearing After receipt of written notification from the Attorney General by the Corporation of such a conviction, the Board of Directors shall issue to the insured depository institution a notice of its intention to terminate the insured status of the insured depository institution and schedule a hearing on the matter, which shall be conducted in all respects as a termination hearing pursuant to paragraphs (3) through (5) of subsection (a) of this section.
(B) Conviction of title 31 offenses If an insured State depository institution is convicted of any criminal offense under section 5322 or 5324 of title 31 after receipt of written notification from the Attorney General by the Corporation, the Board of Directors may initiate proceedings to terminate the insured status of the insured depository institution in the manner described in subparagraph (A).
(C) Notice to State supervisor The Corporation shall simultaneously transmit a copy of any notice issued under this paragraph to the appropriate State financial institutions supervisor.
(2) Factors to be considered In determining whether to terminate insurance under paragraph (1), the Board of Directors shall take into account the following factors: (A) The extent to which directors or senior executive officers of the depository institution knew of, or were involved in, the commission of the money laundering offense of which the institution was found guilty. (B) The extent to which the offense occurred despite the existence of policies and procedures within the depository institution which were designed to prevent the occurrence of any such offense. (C) The extent to which the depository institution has fully cooperated with law enforcement authorities with respect to the investigation of the money laundering offense of which the institution was found guilty. (D) The extent to which the depository institution has implemented additional internal controls (since the commission of the offense of which the depository institution was found guilty) to prevent the occurrence of any other money laundering offense. (E) The extent to which the interest of the local community in having adequate deposit and credit services available would be threatened by the termination of insurance. (3) Notice to State banking supervisor and public When the order to terminate insured status initiated pursuant to this subsection is final, the Board of Directors shall— (A) notify the State banking supervisor of any State depository institution described in paragraph (1), where appropriate, at least 10 days prior to the effective date of the order of termination of the insured status of such depository institution, including a State branch of a foreign bank; and (B) publish notice of the termination of the insured status of the depository institution in the Federal Register. (4) Temporary insurance of previously insured deposits Upon termination of the insured status of any State depository institution pursuant to paragraph (1), the deposits of such depository institution shall be treated in accordance with subsection (a)(7) of this section.
(5) Successor liability This subsection shall not apply to a successor to the interests of, or a person who acquires, an insured depository institution that violated a provision of law described in paragraph (1), if the successor succeeds to the interests of the violator, or the acquisition is made, in good faith and not for purposes of evading this subsection or regulations prescribed under this subsection.
(6) “Senior executive officer” defined The term “senior executive officer” has the same meaning as in regulations prescribed under section 1831i(f) of this title.
References In Text
Subsections (a) and (b) of section 3104 of this title, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(E), were redesignated subsections (b) and (c), respectively, of section 3104 of this title by Pub. L. 103–328, title I, § 107(a)(1),
The Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, referred to in subsec. (b)(3), is act May 9, 1956, ch. 240, 70 Stat. 133, which is classified principally to chapter 17 (§ 1841 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1841 of this title and Tables.
Section 25(a) of the Federal Reserve Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(3), which is classified to subchapter II (§ 611 et seq.) of chapter 6 of this title, was renumbered section 25A of that Act by Pub. L. 102–242, title I, § 142(e)(2),
The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, referred to in subsecs. (b)(10) and (i)(4)(B), are set out in the Appendix to Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
The Depository Institution Management Interlocks Act, referred to in subsec. (e)(2)(A)(iii), is title II of Pub. L. 95–630,
Subsection (b)(9) of this section, referred to in subsec. (e)(7)(A)(ii), was repealed by Pub. L. 111–203, § 363(3)(C). See 2010 Amendment note below.
The Federal Credit Union Act, referred to in subsec. (e)(7)(A)(iii), is act June 26, 1934, ch. 750, 48 Stat. 1216, which is classified generally to chapter 14 (§ 1751 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1751 of this title and Tables.
The Farm Credit Act of 1971, referred to in subsecs. (e)(7)(A)(iv), (D)(ii) and (j)(4), is Pub. L. 92–181,
Subchapter VIII of chapter 3 of this title, referred to in subsec. (o), was in the original “section 9 of the Federal Reserve Act”, meaning section 9 of act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, 38 Stat. 251, which is classified generally to subchapter VIII (§ 321 et seq.) of chapter 3 of this title.
The Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010, referred to in subsec. (t)(6), is title X of Pub. L. 111–203,
Prior Provisions
Section is derived from subsec. (i) of former section 264 of this title. See Codification note set out under section 1811 of this title.
Amendments
2010—Subsec. (a)(8)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 111–203, § 363(3)(A), substituted “Comptroller of the Currency” for “Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision” in two places in concluding provisions.
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 111–203, § 363(3)(B), inserted “any savings and loan holding company and any subsidiary (other than a depository institution) of a savings and loan holding company (as such terms are defined in section 1467a of this title)), any noninsured State member bank” before “and to any organization” and “or against a savings and loan holding company or any subsidiary thereof (other than a depository institution or a subsidiary of such depository institution)” before the period at the end.
Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 111–203, § 363(3)(C), substituted “[Repealed]” for heading and text. Text read as follows: “Subsections (a) through (s) of this section and subsection (u) of this section shall apply to any savings and loan holding company and to any subsidiary (other than a bank or subsidiary of that bank) of a savings and loan holding company,, [sic] whether wholly or partly owned, in the same manner as such subsections apply to a savings association.”
Subsec. (e)(7)(A)(v) to (vii). Pub. L. 111–203, § 363(3)(D)(i), inserted “and” after the semicolon in cl. (v), substituted “Agency” for “Board” and a period at the end for “; and” in cl. (vi), and struck out cl. (vii) which read as follows: “the Resolution Trust Corporation.”
Subsec. (e)(7)(D)(iii) to (v). Pub. L. 111–203, § 363(3)(D)(ii), inserted “and” after the semicolon in cl. (iii), substituted “Agency” for “Board” and a period at the end for “; and” in cl. (iv), and struck out cl. (v) which read as follows: “the Thrift Depositor Protection Oversight Board, in the case of the Resolution Trust Corporation.”
Subsec. (j)(2). Pub. L. 111–203, § 363(3)(E)(i), which directed striking out “, or as a savings association under subsection (b)(9) of this section”, was executed by striking out “, or as a savings association under subsection (b)(9)” before the semicolon at the end, to reflect the probable intent of Congress, because original text did not include the phrase “of this section”.
Subsec. (j)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 111–203, § 363(3)(E)(ii)–(iv), inserted “or” after the semicolon in par. (3), substituted a comma at the end for “; or” in par. (4), and struck out par. (5) which read as follows: “the Resolution Trust Corporation,”.
Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 111–203, § 363(3)(F), substituted “Directors, the Comptroller of the Currency” for “Directors, the Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision”.
Subsec. (t)(1). Pub. L. 111–203, § 172(b)(1), inserted “, any depository institution holding company,” before “or any institution-affiliated party”.
Subsec. (t)(2)(D). Pub. L. 111–203, § 172(b)(2), added subpar. (D).
Subsec. (t)(6). Pub. L. 111–203, § 1090(1), added par. (6) relating to referral to Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection.
Pub. L. 111–203, § 172(b)(3), added par. (6) relating to powers and duties with respect to depository institution holding companies.
Subsec. (w)(3)(A). Pub. L. 111–203, § 363(3)(G), struck out “and the Office of Thrift Supervision” after “paragraph (1)”.
2008—Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 110–343 added par. (4).
2006—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–351, §§ 716(a)(1), 717(1), in first sentence, substituted “in writing by a Federal banking agency” for “in writing by the agency”, “any action on any application, notice, or other request by the depository institution or institution-affiliated party,” for “the granting of any application or other request by the depository institution”, and “the appropriate Federal banking agency for the depository institution may issue and serve” for “the agency may issue and serve”.
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 109–351, § 702(c)(1), substituted “This subsection, subsections (c) through (s) and subsection (u) of this section, and section 1831aa of this title” for “This subsection and subsections (c) through (s) and subsection (u) of this section”.
Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 109–351, § 702(c)(2), substituted “This subsection, subsections (c) through (s) and subsection (u) of this section, and section 1831aa of this title” for “This subsection and subsections (c) through (s) and subsection (u) of this section”.
Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 109–351, § 717(2)(B), substituted “the appropriate Federal banking agency for the depository institution may serve upon such party” for “the agency may serve upon such party” in concluding provisions.
Subsec. (e)(1)(A)(i)(III). Pub. L. 109–351, §§ 716(a)(2), 717(2)(A), substituted “in writing by a Federal banking agency” for “in writing by the appropriate Federal banking agency” and “any action on any application, notice, or request by such depository institution or institution-affiliated party” for “the grant of any application or other request by such depository institution”.
Subsec. (e)(2)(A)(iv). Pub. L. 109–351, § 710(b), added cl. (iv).
Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 109–351, § 303, struck out “In any action brought under this section by the Comptroller of the Currency in respect to any such party with respect to a national banking association or a District depository institution, the findings and conclusions of the Administrative Law Judge shall be certified to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for the determination of whether any order shall issue.” before “Any such order shall become effective”.
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 109–351, § 708(a)(2), inserted heading.
Subsec. (g)(1)(A). Pub. L. 109–351, § 708(a)(1)(A), substituted, in introductory provisions, “is the subject of any information, indictment, or complaint, involving the commission of or participation in” for “is charged in any information, indictment, or complaint, with the commission of or participation in” and, in concluding provisions, “posed, poses, or may pose a threat to the interests of the depositors of, or threatened, threatens, or may threaten to impair public confidence in, any relevant depository institution (as defined in subparagraph (E)),” for “may pose a threat to the interests of the depository institution’s depositors or may threaten to impair public confidence in the depository institution,” and “affairs of any depository institution” for “affairs of the depository institution”.
Subsec. (g)(1)(B)(i). Pub. L. 109–351, § 708(a)(1)(B), substituted “any depository institution that the subject of the notice is affiliated with at the time the notice is issued” for “the depository institution”.
Subsec. (g)(1)(C)(i). Pub. L. 109–351, § 708(a)(1)(C), substituted “posed, poses, or may pose a threat to the interests of the depositors of, or threatened, threatens, or may threaten to impair public confidence in, any relevant depository institution (as defined in subparagraph (E)),” for “may pose a threat to the interests of the depository institution’s depositors or may threaten to impair public confidence in the depository institution,” and “affairs of any depository institution” for “affairs of the depository institution”.
Subsec. (g)(1)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 109–351, § 708(a)(1)(D), substituted “affairs of any depository institution” for “affairs of the depository institution”.
Subsec. (g)(1)(D)(i). Pub. L. 109–351, § 708(a)(1)(E), substituted “any depository institution that the subject of the order is affiliated with at the time the order is issued” for “the depository institution”.
Subsec. (g)(1)(E). Pub. L. 109–351, § 708(a)(1)(F), added subpar. (E).
Subsec. (i)(2)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 109–351, §§ 716(a)(3), 717(3), substituted “in writing by a Federal banking agency” for “in writing by the appropriate Federal banking agency” and “any action on any application, notice, or other request by the depository institution or institution-affiliated party” for “the grant of any application or other request by such depository institution”.
Subsec. (i)(3). Pub. L. 109–351, § 715(a), inserted “or order” after “notice” in two places.
Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 109–173, § 3(a)(6), struck out “semiannual” before “assessment period”.
Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 109–173, § 3(a)(7), substituted “assessment period” for “semiannual period”.
Subsec. (t)(2)(C). Pub. L. 109–173, § 8(a)(10), substituted “Deposit Insurance Fund” for “deposit insurance fund”.
2000—Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 106–569 substituted “subsection (c) or (d) of section 1814” for “subsection (d) of section 1814”.
1998—Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 105–164, § 3(a)(2)(A), struck out “to any service corporation of a savings association and to any subsidiary of such service corporation” after “of a savings and loan holding company,”.
Subsec. (e)(7)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 105–164, § 3(a)(2)(B), substituted “(b)(9)” for “(b)(8)”.
Subsec. (j)(2). Pub. L. 105–164, § 3(a)(2)(C), substituted “(b)(9)” for “(b)(8)”.
Subsec. (u)(3) to (8). Pub. L. 105–362 redesignated pars. (4) to (8) as (3) to (7), respectively, and struck out heading and text of former par. (3). Text read as follows: “A written report shall be made part of a determination not to hold a public hearing pursuant to paragraph (2) or not to publish a document pursuant to paragraph (1)(A). At the end of each calendar quarter, all such reports shall be transmitted to the Congress.”
1994—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 103–325, § 602(a)(11), substituted “paragraph (2)(B)” for “subparagraph (B) of this subsection”.
Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 103–325, § 602(a)(12), inserted comma after “Board of Directors” in first sentence and substituted “the period” for “the period the period” in third sentence.
Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 103–325, § 602(a)(13), substituted “paragraph (3)” for “subparagraph (3)”.
Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 103–325, § 602(a)(14), substituted “injunction” for “injuction”.
Subsec. (g)(1)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 103–325, § 411(c)(2)(A), substituted “section 5322 or 5324 of title 31” for “section 5322 of title 31”.
Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 103–325, § 602(a)(15), substituted “bank” for “depository institution” wherever appearing.
Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 103–325, § 602(a)(16), in second sentence, substituted “subsection (d)” for “subsection (b)” and “Board of Directors” for “board of directors” in two places.
Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 103–325, § 602(a)(17), substituted “depository” for “banking” wherever appearing.
Subsec. (r)(2). Pub. L. 103–325, § 602(a)(18), substituted “agent thereof” for “agent therof”.
Subsec. (w)(1)(B). Pub. L. 103–325, § 411(c)(2)(A), substituted “section 5322 or 5324 of title 31” for “section 5322 of title 31”.
1993—Subsec. (b)(10). Pub. L. 103–204, § 25(2), added par. (10).
Subsec. (i)(4)(B). Pub. L. 103–204, § 25(1), added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: “A permanent or temporary injunction or restraining order shall be granted without bond upon a prima facie showing that money damages, restitution, or civil money penalties, as sought by such agency, is appropriate.”
1992—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 102–550, § 1503(a)(2), inserted “of this subsection or subsection (w) of this section” after “subparagraph (B)”.
Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 102–550, § 1504(a)(1), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “Whenever, in the opinion of the appropriate Federal banking agency, any director or officer of an insured depository institution has committed any violation of the Depository Institution Management Interlocks Act, the agency may serve upon such director or officer a written notice of its intention to remove him from office.”
Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 102–550, § 1504(a)(2), amended par. (1) generally, subdividing existing provisions into subpars. (A) to (D) and, in subpar. (A), including violations under section 1956, 1957, or 1960 of title 18, or section 5322 of title 31, as cause for suspension of any institution-affiliated party.
Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 102–550, § 1603(d)(3), inserted reference to section 1831p–1 of this title in two places, and substituted “order under any such section, or to review” for “order under this section, or to review”.
Pub. L. 102–550, § 1603(d)(2), amended directory language of Pub. L. 102–242, § 131(c)(2)(A). See 1991 Amendment note below.
Subsec. (i)(2)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 102–550, § 1603(d)(4), substituted “subsection (b), (c), (e), (g), or (s) of this section or any final order under section 1831o or 1831p–1 of this title” for “subsection (b), (c), (e), (g), or (s) of this section, or final order under section 1831o of this title”.
Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 102–558, § 303(b)(6)(A), amended directory language of Pub. L. 102–242, § 302(e). See 1991 amendment note below. Pub. L. 102–550, § 1605(a)(5)(A), which contained an identical amendment, was repealed, effective
Subsec. (t)(2)(B). Pub. L. 102–550, § 1605(a)(11)(A), inserted “or institution-affiliated party” after “institution” in two places.
Subsec. (t)(2)(C). Pub. L. 102–550, § 1605(a)(11)(B), substituted “the conduct or threatened conduct” for “the institution’s conduct or threatened conduct”.
Subsec. (t)(5)(A). Pub. L. 102–550, § 1605(a)(11)(C), inserted “or institution-affiliated party” after “depository institution”.
Subsec. (w). Pub. L. 102–550, § 1503(a)(1), added subsec. (w).
1991—Subsec. (b)(8), (9). Pub. L. 102–242, § 131(c)(1), added par. (8) and redesignated former par. (8) as (9).
Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 102–242, § 131(c)(2)(A), as amended by Pub. L. 102–550, § 1603(d)(2), inserted “or under section 1831o of this title” after first and second references to “section”.
Subsec. (i)(2)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 102–242, § 131(c)(2)(B), inserted “, or final order under section 1831o of this title” after “section”.
Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 102–242, § 302(e)(5), as renumbered by Pub. L. 102–558, § 303(b)(6)(A), substituted “assessment with respect to the deposits” for “assessment upon the deposits”.
Subsec. (t). Pub. L. 102–242, § 307, amended subsec. (t) generally, substituting present provisions for provisions relating to authority of Board to take enforcement action against savings associations.
1990—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 101–647, § 2596(a)(2), substituted “subsections (c) through (s) and subsection (u) of this section” for “subsections (c), (d), (h), (i), (k), (l), (m), and (n) of this section”.
Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 101–647, § 2596(a)(1), inserted “or remedy” after “to correct”.
Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 101–647, § 2596(b), inserted “or remedy” after “to prevent” and substituted “(b)(6)” for “(b)(6)(B)”.
Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 101–647, § 2547(a)(2), struck out after first sentence “Such hearing shall be private, unless the appropriate Federal banking agency, in its discretion, after fully considering the views of the party afforded the hearing, determines that a public hearing is necessary to protect the public interest.”
Subsec. (i)(4). Pub. L. 101–647, § 2521(b)(1), added par. (4).
Subsec. (u). Pub. L. 101–647, § 2547(a)(1), amended subsec. (u) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (u) read as follows:
“(1) In general.—The appropriate Federal banking agency shall publish and make available to the public—
“(A) any final order issued with respect to any administrative enforcement proceeding initiated by such agency under this section or any other provision of law; and
“(B) any modification to or termination of any final order described in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph.
“(2) Delay of publication under exceptional circumstances.—If the appropriate Federal banking agency makes a determination in writing that the publication of any final order pursuant to paragraph (1) would seriously threaten the safety or soundness of an insured depository institution, such agency may delay the publication of such order for a reasonable time.”
Subsec. (v). Pub. L. 101–647, § 2532(a), added subsec. (v).
1989—Pub. L. 101–73, § 201(a), substituted references to insured depository institutions for references to insured banks wherever appearing in this section.
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–73, § 926(1), inserted heading.
Subsec. (a)(1) to (3). Pub. L. 101–73, § 926(1), added pars. (1) to (3) and struck out first four sentences which read as follows: “Any insured bank (except a national member bank, a foreign bank having an insured branch which is a Federal branch, a foreign bank having an insured branch which is required to be insured under section 3104(a) or (b) of this title, or State member bank) may, upon not less than ninety days’ written notice to the Corporation, terminate its status as an insured bank. Whenever the Board of Directors shall find that an insured bank or its directors or trustees have engaged or are engaging in unsafe or unsound practices in conducting the business of such bank, or is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations as an insured bank, or violated an applicable law, rule, regulation or order, or any condition imposed in writing by the Corporation in connection with the granting of any application or other request by the bank, or any written agreement entered into with the Corporation the Board of Directors shall first give to the Comptroller of the Currency in the case of a national bank or a district bank, to the Federal Home Loan Bank Board in the case of an insured Federal savings bank, to the authority having supervision of the bank in the case of a State bank, and to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System in the case of a State member bank, a statement with respect to such practices or violations for the purpose of securing the correction thereof and shall give a copy thereof to the bank. Unless such correction shall be made within one hundred and twenty days, or such shorter period not less than twenty days fixed by the Corporation in any case where the Board of Directors in its discretion has determined that the insurance risk of the Corporation is unduly jeopardized, or fixed by the Comptroller of the Currency in the case of a national bank, or the Federal Home Loan Bank Board in the case of an insured Federal savings bank, or the State authority in the case of a State bank, or Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System in the case of a State member bank as the case may be, the Board of Directors, if it shall determine to proceed further, shall give to the bank not less than thirty days’ written notice of intention to terminate the status of the bank as an insured bank, and shall fix a time and place for a hearing before the Board of Directors or before a person designated by it to conduct such hearing, at which evidence may be produced, and upon such evidence the Board of Directors shall make written findings which shall be conclusive. If the Board of Directors shall find that any unsafe or unsound practice or condition or violation specified in such statement has been established and has not been corrected within the time above prescribed in which to make such corrections, the Board of Directors may order that the insured status of the bank be terminated on a date subsequent to such finding and to the expiration of the time specified in such notice of intention.”
Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 101–73, § 926(2), designated fifth sentence as par. (4) and inserted heading.
Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(d), substituted “depository institution” for “bank”.
Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 101–73, § 926(3), designated sixth sentence as par. (5), inserted heading, and substituted “Any insured depository institution whose insured status” for “Any insured bank whose insured status”.
Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 101–73, § 926(4), designated seventh sentence as par. (6) and inserted heading.
Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(d), substituted “depository institution” for “bank” wherever appearing.
Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 101–73, § 926(5), (6), designated last three sentences as par. (7), inserted heading, substituted “of at least 6 months or up to 2 years, within the discretion of the Board of Directors” for first reference to “of two years”, and “the period referred to in the 1st sentence” for second reference to “of two years”, and struck out “of two years” after “within such period”.
Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(d), substituted “depository institution” for “bank” wherever appearing.
Subsec. (a)(8) to (10). Pub. L. 101–73, § 926(7), added pars. (8) to (10).
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(d), substituted “depository institution” for “bank” wherever appearing.
Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(b)(1)(A)(i), (B), substituted references to institution-affiliated parties for references to directors, officers, employees, agents, or other persons participating in the conduct of banks.
Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(b)(1)(A)(ii), which directed that “institution-affiliated parties” be substituted for “directors, officers, employees, agents, or other persons participating in the conduct of the affairs of such bank”, was executed by making the substitution for “directors, officers, employees, agents, and other persons participating in the conduct of the affairs of such bank”, as the probable intent of Congress.
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(d), substituted “depository institution” for “bank”.
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 101–73, § 902(a)(1)(A), substituted “subsections (c) through (s) and subsection (u)” for “subsections (c) through (f) and (h) through (n)”.
Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 101–73, § 902(a)(1)(B), which directed the substitution of “subsections (c) through (s) and subsection (u)” for “subsections (c) through (f) and (h) through (n)”, could not be executed because the words “subsections (c) through (f) and (h) through (n)” did not appear. See 1990 Amendment note above.
Subsec. (b)(6) to (8). Pub. L. 101–73, § 902(a)(1)(C), added pars. (6) to (8).
Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 101–73, § 902(a)(2)(A), substituted “insolvency or significant dissipation” for “insolvency or substantial dissipation”, struck out “seriously” before “weaken the condition of” and before “prejudice the interests of”, and inserted after first sentence “Such order may include any requirement authorized under subsection (b)(6)(B) of this section”.
Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(d), substituted “depository institution” for “bank” wherever appearing.
Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(b)(1)(B), substituted references to institution-affiliated parties for references to directors, officers, employees, agents or other persons participating in the conduct of the affairs of banks.
Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(d), substituted “depository institution” for “bank” wherever appearing.
Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(b)(1)(B), substituted references to institution-affiliated parties for references to directors, officers, employees, agents or other persons participating in the conduct of the affairs of banks.
Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 101–73, § 902(a)(2)(B), added par. (3).
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(d), substituted “depository institution” for “bank”.
Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 101–73, § 903(a)(1), amended par. (1) generally, by, among other changes, giving existing provisions subpar. designations, and by adding as conditions for removal of a party a violation of any condition imposed by writing in connection with a grant of any application or request, and violation of any written agreement between such depository institution and agency.
Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 101–73, § 903(a)(2), redesignated par. (3) as (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: “Whenever, in the opinion of the appropriate Federal banking agency, any director or officer of an insured bank, by conduct or practice with respect to another insured bank or other business institution which resulted in substantial financial loss or other damage, has evidenced either his personal dishonesty or a willful or continuing disregard for its safety and soundness, and, in addition, has evidenced his unfitness to continue as a director or officer and, whenever, in the opinion of the appropriate Federal banking agency, any other person participating in the conduct of the affairs of an insured bank, by conduct or practice with respect to such bank or other insured bank or other business institution which resulted in substantial financial loss or other damage, has evidenced either his personal dishonesty or a willful or continuing disregard for its safety and soundness, and, in addition, has evidenced his unfitness to participate in the conduct of the affairs of such insured bank, the agency may serve upon such director, officer, or other person a written notice of its intention to remove him from office or to prohibit his further participation in any manner in the conduct of the affairs of the bank.”
Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 101–73, § 903(a)(2), added par. (3). Former par. (3) redesignated (2).
Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 101–73, § 903(a)(2), redesignated par. (5) as (4) and struck out former par. (4) which read as follows: “In respect to any director or officer of an insured bank or any other person referred to in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of this subsection, the appropriate Federal banking agency may, if it deems it necessary for the protection of the bank or the interests of its depositors, by written notice to such effect served upon such director, officer, or other person, suspend him from office or prohibit him from further participation in any manner in the conduct of the affairs of the bank. Such suspension or prohibition shall become effective upon service of such notice and, unless stayed by a court in proceedings authorized by subsection (f) of this section, shall remain in effect pending the completion of the administrative proceedings pursuant to the notice served under paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of this subsection and until such time as the agency shall dismiss the charges specified in such notice, or, if an order of removal or prohibition is issued against the director or officer or other person, until the effective date of any such order. Copies of any such notice shall also be served upon the bank of which he is a director or officer or in the conduct of whose affairs he has participated.”
Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(b)(1)(C), substituted references to institution-affiliated parties for references to directors, officers, or other persons.
Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(d), substituted reference to depository institutions for reference to banks.
Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 101–73, § 903(a)(2), redesignated par. (6) as (5). Former par. (5) redesignated (4).
Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(b)(1)(D), inserted “within the term ‘institution-affiliated party’ ” after “the term ‘officer’ ”, and inserted “within the term ‘institution-affiliated party’ as used in this subsection” after “the term ‘director’ ”.
Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(d), substituted reference to depository institution for reference to bank.
Subsec. (e)(6). Pub. L. 101–73, § 903(a)(2), (3), added par. (6) and redesignated former par. (6) as (5).
Subsec. (e)(7). Pub. L. 101–73, § 904(a), added par. (7).
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–73, § 903(a)(4)(A), substituted “(e)(3)” for “(e)(4)” and “(e)(1) or (e)(2)” for “(e)(1), (e)(2), or (e)(3)”.
Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(b)(1)(E), substituted “any institution-affiliated party” and “such party” for “any director, officer, or other person” and “such director, officer, or other person”, respectively, wherever appearing.
Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(d), substituted “depository institution” for “bank”.
Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 101–73, § 906(a), struck out “authorized by a United States attorney” after “information, indictment, or complaint”, and substituted “or an agreement to enter a pre-trial diversion or other similar program” for “with respect to such crime”.
Pub. L. 101–73, § 903(a)(4)(B), substituted “(1), (2), or (3)” for “(1), (2), (3), or (4)”.
Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(d), substituted references to depository institutions for references to banks wherever appearing.
Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(b)(1)(F)(i), substituted “institution-affiliated party” for “director or officer of an insured bank, or other person participating in the conduct of the affairs of such bank”.
Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(b)(1)(F)(v), which directed the substitution of “party” for “director, officer or other person”, could not be executed, because the phrase did not appear.
Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(b)(1)(F)(ii)–(iv), (vi), substituted “such party” for “the individual” wherever appearing, “such party” for “such director, officer, or other person” wherever appearing, “such party” for “him” wherever appearing, and “whereupon such party (if a director or an officer)” for “whereupon such director or officer”.
Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(d), substituted references to depository institutions for references to banks wherever appearing.
Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(d), substituted references to depository institutions for references to banks wherever appearing.
Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(b)(1)(G), substituted “the institution-affiliated party concerned” for “the director, officer, or other person concerned” and substituted “such party” for “such individual”, for “the concerned director, officer, or other person”, and for any other reference to the director, officer or other person.
Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(d), substituted “depository institution” for “bank”.
Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 101–73, § 920(a), substituted “Any party to any proceeding under paragraph (1)” for “Any party to the proceeding, or any person required by an order issued under this section to cease and desist from any of the violations or practices stated therein,”.
Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(d), substituted “depository institution” for “bank” wherever appearing.
Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(b)(1)(H), substituted “institution-affiliated party” for “director or officer or other person”.
Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(d), substituted “depository institution” for “bank”.
Subsec. (i)(2). Pub. L. 101–73, § 907(a), amended par. (2) generally, revising and restating as subpars. (A) to (K) provisions of former cls. (i) to (vii).
Subsec. (i)(3). Pub. L. 101–73, § 905(a), added par. (3).
Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 101–73, § 908(a), amended subsec. (j) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (j) read as follows: “Any director or officer, or former director or officer of an insured bank, or any other person, against whom there is outstanding and effective any notice or order (which is an order which has become final) served upon such director, officer, or other person under subsections (e)(4), (e)(5), or (g) of this section, and who (i) participates in any manner in the conduct of the affairs of the bank involved, or directly or indirectly solicits or procures, or transfers or attempts to transfer, or votes or attempts to vote, any proxies, consents, or authorizations in respect of any voting rights in such bank, or (ii) without the prior written approval of the appropriate Federal banking agency, votes for a director, serves or acts as a director, officer, or employee of any bank, shall upon conviction be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.”
Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 101–73, § 920(c), struck out subsec. (k) which defined the terms “cease-and-desist order which has become final”, “order which has become final”, and “violation”, as those terms were used in this section.
Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(d), substituted “State depository institution” for “State bank”.
Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(b)(1)(I), substituted “institution-affiliated party” for “director or officer thereof or other person participating in the conduct of its affairs”.
Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(b)(1)(J), substituted “institution-affiliated party” for “director or officer or other person participating in the conduct of its affairs”.
Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(d), substituted “depository institution” for “bank”.
Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 101–73, § 201(b), substituted “Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision” for “Federal Home Loan Bank Board”.
Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(d), substituted “depository institution” for “bank” wherever appearing and “depository institutions” for “banks”.
Subsec. (s). Pub. L. 101–73, § 901(d), substituted references to depository institutions for references to banks wherever appearing.
Subsec. (t). Pub. L. 101–73, § 912, added subsec. (t).
Subsec. (u). Pub. L. 101–73, § 913(a), added subsec. (u).
1986—Subsec. (i)(2)(i). Pub. L. 99–570, § 1359(a)(2), inserted reference to subsec. (s) of this section.
Subsec. (s). Pub. L. 99–570, § 1359(a)(1), added subsec. (s).
1982—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–320, § 113(g), inserted “to the Federal Home Loan Bank Board in the case of an insured Federal savings bank,” after “national bank or a district bank,” and “or the Federal Home Loan Bank Board in the case of an insured Federal savings bank,” after “Currency in the case of a national bank,”.
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 97–320, § 425(b), substituted “25(a)” for “25A”.
Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 97–320, § 425(c), which directed the amendment of subsec. (b) by adding a new par. (4) at end, was executed (as the probable intent of Congress) as a general amendment of existing par. (4), as added by Pub. L. 95–369, the two pars. (4) being identical except that the new par. (4) refers to “purposes of this paragraph” rather than “purposes of this subparagraph”.
Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 97–320, § 404(c), added par. (5).
Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 97–320, § 427(d)(1)(A), added par. (3). Former par. (3) redesignated (4).
Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 97–320, § 427(d)(1)(A), (B), redesignated former par. (3) as (4) and inserted references to par. (3) of this subsection in two places. Former par. (4) redesignated (5).
Subsec. (e)(5), (6). Pub. L. 97–320, § 427(d)(1)(A), redesignated former pars. (4) and (5) as (5) and (6), respectively.
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97–320, § 427(d)(2), substituted references to “subsection (e)(4)” for “subsection (e)(5) or (e)(7)” and “subsection (e)(1), (e)(2), or (e)(3)” for “subsection (e)(1), (e)(3), or (e)(7)”.
Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 97–320, § 427(d)(3), in penultimate sentence, included reference to par. (4) of subsec. (e) of this section.
Subsec. (i)(2)(i). Pub. L. 97–320, § 424(c), (d)(6), inserted proviso giving agency discretionary authority to compromise, etc., any civil money penalty imposed under such authority, and substituted “may be assessed” for “shall be assessed”.
Subsec. (i)(2)(iv). Pub. L. 97–424(e) substituted “twenty days from the service” for “ten days from the date”.
Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 97–320, § 427(d)(4), struck out reference to subsec. (e)(3) and included reference to subsec. (e)(5) of this section.
Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 97–320, § 113(h), inserted provision that whenever the insured status of an insured Federal savings bank shall be terminated by action of the Board of Directors, the Federal Home Loan Bank Board shall appoint a receiver for the bank, which shall be the Corporation.
Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 97–320, § 433(a), struck out item (3) provisions requiring the assuming or resulting bank to give notice of an assumption to each of the depositors of the bank whose liabilities are assumed within thirty days after such assumption takes effect.
1978—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–369, § 6(c)(14), inserted “a foreign bank having an insured branch which is a Federal branch, a foreign bank having an insured branch which is required to be insured under section 3104(a) or (b) of this title” after “(except a national member bank”.
Subsec. (b)(1), (2). Pub. L. 95–630, § 107(a)(1), extended coverage of par. (1) to include directors, officers, employees, agents, or other persons participating in the conduct of the affairs of an insured bank or a bank which has insured deposits, and reenacted par. (2) without change.
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 95–630, § 107(b), substituted “subsections (c) through (f) and (h) through (n) of this section” for “subsections (c), (d), (h), (i), (k), (l), (m), and (n) of this section” and inserted provisions relating to any organization organized and operated under section 25A of the Federal Reserve Act or operating under section 25 of the Federal Reserve Act and provisions relating to the issuance of a notice of charges or cease-and-desist order against a bank holding company or subsidiary by any Federal banking agency other than the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 95–369, § 11, added par. (4).
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–630, § 107(c)(1), in pars. (1) and (2) inserted references to any director, officer, employee, agent, or other person participating in the conduct of the affairs of the bank and in par. (1) inserted “prior to the completion of the proceedings conducted pursuant to paragraph (1) of subsection (b) of this section” after “interests of its depositors” and “and to take affirmative action to prevent such insolvency, dissipation, condition, or prejudice pending completion of such proceedings” after “violation or practice”.
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–630, §§ 107(d)(1), 208(a), generally revised and condensed the provisions relating to the suspension and removal of bank directors and officers, consolidated procedures relating to the certification of facts to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System by the Comptroller of the Currency, substituted references to insured banks for references to insured State banks (other than a District Bank), and inserted provisions defining “officer” and “director” for the purpose of enforcing any law, rule, etc., in connection with an interlocking relationship.
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 95–630, § 111(a)(1), among other changes, inserted in par. (1) “, if continued service or participation by the individual may pose a threat to the interests of the bank’s depositors or may threaten to impair public confidence in the bank” after “agency may” in two places, inserted provision that any notice of suspension or order of removal issued under this paragraph remain effective and outstanding until the completion of any hearing or appeal authorized under paragraph (3) hereof unless terminated by the agency, and added par. (3).
Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 95–630, § 111(a)(2), inserted “(other than the hearing provided for in subsection (g)(3) of this section)” after “provided for in this section”.
Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 95–630, § 107(e)(1), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).
Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 95–630, § 111(a)(3), substituted “subsections (e)(3), (e)(4)” for “subsections (e)(5), (e)(7), (e)(8)”.
Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 95–630, § 111(a)(4), substituted “paragraph (1) or (3) of subsection (g)” for “paragraph (1) of subsection (g)”.
Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 95–630, § 111(a)(5), inserted provision creating a criminal penalty for a willful failure or refusal to attend and testify or to answer any lawful inquiry or to produce books, papers, etc. in obedience to the subpoena of the appropriate Federal banking agency.
Pub. L. 95–630, § 303, inserted “or in connection with any claim for insured deposits or any examination or investigation under section 1820(c) of this title,” after “proceeding under this section,”, “examination, or investigation or considering the claim for insured deposits,” after “conducting the proceeding,”, and “such agency or any” before “party to proceedings” and substituted “any such proceedings, claims, examinations, or investigations” for “any such proceedings” and “subpenaed under this subsection” for “subpenaed under this section”.
Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 95–630, § 304, among other changes, substituted provisions requiring the assuming or resulting bank to give notice of an assumption to each of the depositors of the bank whose liabilities are so assumed within thirty days after such assumption takes effect for provisions requiring the bank whose liabilities are being assumed to give notice of such assumption to its depositors within thirty days after such assumption takes effect, by publication or by any reasonable means, in accordance with regulations to be prescribed by the Board of Directors.
Subsec. (r). Pub. L. 95–369, § 6(c)(15), added subsec. (r).
1974—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 93–495 added par. (3).
1966—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–695, § 204, enlarged the authority of the Corporation to institute involuntary termination proceedings against an insured bank which had engaged in or whose directors or trustees had engaged in, rather than merely continued unsafe or unsound practices, or was in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations as an insured bank, or had violated any law, rule, regulation or order, or any condition imposed in writing by the Corporation or any written agreement entered into with the Corporation; made it clear that the Corporation would be required to give the State authority a copy of the statement dealing the practices or violations where the State bank involved was a State member bank; provided for an alternative and shortened correction period of not less than twenty days in those cases where the Board of Directors of the Corporation on its discretion determined that the insurance risk of the Corporation was unduly jeopardized; provided the State authority with power to shorten the correction period in those cases involving State banks whether member or nonmember banks; transposed the position of the fourth and fifth sentences; and provided a bank whose insured status had been terminated with right of judicial review to the extent provided in subsec. (h) of this section.
Subsecs. (b) to (q). Pub. L. 89–695, § 202, added subsecs. (b) to (n) and redesignated former subsecs. (b) to (d) as (o) to (q), respectively.
Change Of Name
Oversight Board redesignated Thrift Depositor Protection Oversight Board, effective
Effective Date Of Amendment
Amendment by section 172(b) of Pub. L. 111–203 effective 1 day after
Amendment by section 363(3) of Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the transfer date, see section 351 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 906 of Title 2, The Congress.
Amendment by section 1090(1) of Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the designated transfer date, see section 1100H of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 552a of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
Amendment by section 3(a)(6), (7) of Pub. L. 109–173 effective
Amendment by section 8(a)(10) of Pub. L. 109–173 effective
Amendment by section 303(b)(6)(A) of Pub. L. 102–558 deemed to have become effective
Amendment by sections 1603(d)(2)–(4) and 1605(a)(5)(A), (11) of Pub. L. 102–550 effective as if included in the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991, Pub. L. 102–242, as of
Amendment by section 131(c)(1), (2) of Pub. L. 102–242 effective 1 year after
Amendment by section 302(e)(4) of Pub. L. 102–242 effective on earlier of 180 days after date on which final regulations promulgated in accordance with section 302(c) of Pub. L. 102–242, set out as a note under section 1817 of this title, become effective or
Pub. L. 101–647, title XXV, § 2547(a)(3),
Amendment by section 903(a) of Pub. L. 101–73 applicable with respect to violations committed and activities engaged in after
Amendment by section 907(a) of Pub. L. 101–73 applicable to conduct engaged in after
Miscellaneous
The regulations required to be prescribed under amendment by Pub. L. 99–570 effective at end of 3-month period beginning on
Effective Date Of Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 95–630, except for amendment by section 107(e)(1), effective upon expiration of 120 days after
Amendment by section 107(e)(1) of Pub. L. 95–630, relating to imposition of civil penalties, applicable to violations occurring or continuing after
Miscellaneous
Pub. L. 91–609, title IX, § 908,
Pub. L. 101–73, title IX, § 916,
Pub. L. 101–73, title IX, § 917,
Pub. L. 101–73, title XII, § 1205,
[For termination, effective
Nothing contained in sections 202 and 204 of Pub. L. 89–695 amending this section to be construed as repealing, modifying, or affecting section 1829 of this title, see section 206 of Pub. L. 89–695, set out as a note under section 1813 of this title.